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Herein, an anomaly of the embryonic development of the aortic arch, classified as one of the forms of a vascular ring, in which the vessels encircle and compress the trachea and esophagus is presented. Consequently, the child may experience recurrent lower respiratory tract infections accompanied…

Apert syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal shape of the head and face. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene and typically inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Common features include…

Apert syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the premature fusion of certain skull bones (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal head shape. It also causes fusion of fingers and toes (syndactyly), resulting in webbed or fused digits. In addition to cranial and skeletal…

Sternum: Also known as the breastbone, a flat bone located in the center of the chest.

The calcaneus, or heel bone, is the largest tarsal bone in the foot and forms the foundation of the heel. It plays a crucial role in weight-bearing, absorbing impact during walking, running, and jumping. The calcaneus articulates with the talus above, forming the subtalar joint, which allows foot…

The clavicle, or collarbone, is an essential skeletal structure that serves as a strut between the scapula and the sternum. It plays a key role in stabilizing the shoulder girdle, allowing for a full range of arm and shoulder movements. The clavicle helps protect neurovascular structures, including…

Pathology presented herein is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary atresia. The condition presents complex anatomical challenges, requiring precise surgical planning to restore normal cardiac function. The model…

A craniectomy is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the skull is removed to relieve pressure on the brain, often due to swelling or injury. Unlike a craniotomy, the bone may not be replaced immediately, allowing the brain more space to expand. It is usually performed in emergency…

Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) is a congenital heart defect where both the aorta and the pulmonary artery arise primarily from the right ventricle, instead of the aorta arising from the left ventricle as in normal anatomy. DORV is associated with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), it represents a…

The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. It supports the weight of the body during standing, walking, and running, playing a critical role in movement and stability. The femur also connects with the pelvis at the hip joint…

The original was provided by the Anatomical Museum of the Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University. The bone was scanned using the Shining 3D EinScan-SP V2 scanner with an accuracy of 0.05 mm. Due to the object's size, more than 40 scanning runs were performed. The bone contains a large amount of…

Fibula: Also known as the calf bone, the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.

Fibula: Also known as the calf bone, the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg.

Fronto-orbital advancement is a surgical procedure used to correct craniosynostosis, particularly when it affects the front of the skull and eye sockets. The surgery involves reshaping and repositioning the forehead and upper orbital bones to create more space for the growing brain and improve…

In this collection we present three important long bones of arm – Humerus, Ulna and Radius. The humerus, ulna, and radius are essential bones in the human arm, contributing to both movement and support.

The kidneys are crucial organs for maintaining homeostasis in the body. They filter metabolic waste products and excess substances from the blood, which are then excreted as urine. This filtration process helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, ensuring stable concentrations of sodium,…

Larynx: Also known as the voice box, located in the throat, connecting the pharynx to the trachea.

Mandible: Lower jawbone; largest, strongest, and only movable bone of the skull.

The mandibula, or mandible, is the lower jawbone and the largest, strongest bone in the face. It supports the lower teeth and forms the movable part of the jaw, enabling essential functions like chewing, speaking, and facial expression. The mandible also articulates with the temporal bones to form…

Open cranioplasty is a surgical procedure performed to repair defects or deformities in the skull, often caused by trauma, surgery, or congenital anomalies. The procedure involves making an incision to access the skull, shaping and securing a bone graft or implant to restore the integrity and…

Pectus Excavatum: Also known as "funnel chest," a congenital deformity where the sternum is sunken inward.

Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD) and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) is a rare and complex congenital heart defect that disrupts normal blood flow to the lungs. The pulmonary trunk is atretic, with confluent branches supplying only certain lung segments, and…

In this collection we present three important long bones of arm – Humerus, Ulna and Radius. The humerus, ulna, and radius are essential bones in the human arm, contributing to both movement and support.

Pathology presented herein is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary atresia. The condition presents complex anatomical challenges, requiring precise surgical planning to restore normal cardiac function. The model…

This model represents very rare congenital heart defect where right coronary artery is abnormally enlarged and leads to coronary artery fistula, a congenital heart defect where one coronary artery abnormally connects to the heart chamber, in this case to the separate part of the right ventricle,…

The scapula, commonly known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located on the back of the ribcage. It connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the clavicle (collarbone) and serves as a key site for muscle attachment, allowing for a wide range of shoulder and arm movements. Its role…

Cranium: Protects the brain, composed of eight bones fused together.

The skull is a complex bony structure that forms the head and protects the brain, one of the body's most vital organs. It consists of 22 bones, including the cranium, which encloses the brain, and the facial bones, which support the eyes, nose, and mouth. Beyond protection, the skull provides…

Here we present structure which reflect small ventricular septal defect (mVSD). In the model, a wall of right ventricle is segment without any other structures. mVSD refers to a minor opening in the interventricular septum, the wall that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart. Small…

A subaortic membrane is a thin, fibrous or fibromuscular tissue that forms below the aortic valve in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). It is a cause of subaortic stenosis, a condition where this membrane partially obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Crouson syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by the premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal head shape. It is often associated with facial abnormalities, such as wide-set eyes and a beaked nose, as well as potential vision and hearing problems. Intellectual…

Crouson syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by the premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal head shape. It is often associated with facial abnormalities, such as wide-set eyes and a beaked nose, as well as potential vision and hearing problems. Intellectual…

Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by the premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis), leading to an abnormal head shape. It is often associated with facial abnormalities, such as wide-set eyes and a beaked nose, as well as potential vision and hearing problems. Intellectual…

The talus is a key bone in the ankle, located between the tibia and fibula above and the calcaneus below. It plays a central role in foot movement, enabling dorsiflexion and plantarflexion at the ankle joint. The talus also facilitates the subtalar joint's motion, allowing inversion and eversion of…

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect that involves four key anatomical abnormalities: a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The VSD is a defect between the right and left ventricles, allowing deoxygenated and…

Distal Tibia Fracture: A break in the lower end of the tibia (shinbone) near the ankle.

Proximal Tibia Fracture: A fracture near the top (proximal end) of the tibia, close to the knee joint.

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) with a Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a complex congenital heart defect where the aorta arises from the right ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle, combined with a hole in the wall (septum) separating the two ventricles.

Here we present model of Truncus arteriosus communis – type 1.

In this collection we present three important long bones of arm – Humerus, Ulna and Radius. The humerus, ulna, and radius are essential bones in the human arm, contributing to both movement and support.

This is a congenital uterine malformation characterized as uterus septus with duplex cervix and septate vagina, accompanied by a submucosal intracavitary myomatous nodule classified as FIGO 2. According to the ESHRE/ESGE classification, this condition is categorized as U2bC2V1. This case study…