Breastbone

Sternum: Also known as the breastbone, a flat bone located in the center of the chest.

Function: Provides structural support, connects to the rib cage, and protects vital organs like the heart and lungs.

Location: Positioned along the midline of the thoracic cavity, connecting to the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs.

Anatomy:

• Manubrium: Upper part of the sternum; articulates with the clavicles and the first two pairs of ribs.
•  Body: Longest part of the sternum, where the majority of the ribs connect via cartilage.
•  Xiphoid Process: Small, cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum, which ossifies (hardens) with age.

Sternal Angle (Angle of Louis): The junction between the manubrium and the body, a landmark used in medical examinations to locate the second rib.

Connection with Ribs: Provides attachment points for ribs through costal cartilages, forming the anterior part of the rib cage.

Function in Protection: Shields the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.

Clinical Relevance

• Sternal Fractures: Typically result from trauma (e.g., car accidents) and can impact nearby organs.
• Sternal Precautions: After certain surgeries, like open-heart surgery, patients may be advised to avoid stress on the sternum.
• Bone Marrow Aspiration: Sometimes performed in the sternum to extract bone marrow samples.